
Tempe cell simulation
Introduction The volumetric water content function, also known as the soil-water characteristic curve or water retention curve, can be determined using various laboratory methods. If

Passive Cooling of Permafrost by Air Convection
Introduction The preservation of the permafrost is often imperative to protect such structures as roads, railways, and runway embankments. Man-made structures generally alter the surface

Bangkok Field Study of Vertical Wick
Drains
Introduction In anticipation of the construction of a new airport in Bangkok, Thailand, full-scale test embankments were constructed on the soft clay at the site

Mine shaft freezing 3D
Introduction Artificial soil freezing is used in many engineering projects to excavate and construct mine shafts, tunnels, or other underground structures through water bearing, often

3D Model Building Basics
Introduction This is the first of four examples demonstrating the basics of setting up three-dimensional geometries in BUILD3D. This example summarizes how to create a

Reinforcement with Anchors
Introduction Tie-back anchors are a common stabilization method for steep excavations (Figure 1). The anchors transfer the load on the wall deeper into the ground

Surface Energy Balance
Introduction There are many problems in geotechnical engineering that involve a coupling between climatic conditions and the thermal response within the ground. These types of

Caesium 137 Transport in an Unconfined Aquifer
Introduction Caesium-137 is an anthropogenic radioactive isotope formed as a product of nuclear fission. Historically, Cs-137 was released into the environment by nuclear weapons testing