Technical Tuesdays: Advanced surface editing in Leapfrog Geo

During this technical workshop, we discuss advanced surface editing tips. Learn how to create accurate domains by developing a deeper understanding of intrusion parameters and the ways surfaces can be edited.

Overview

Video Transcript

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(upbeat music)

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<v Ivan>Welcome to the technical</v>

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Tuesdays webinars series.

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My name is Ivan Naumenko

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and I’m a Project Geologist with Seequent Australia.

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Today’s webinar topic is advanced surface editing,

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and we will focus on the intrusion surface type.

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The Seequent solution encompasses

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a range of software products applicable for use

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across the money and value chain.

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Today I’ll focus on Leapfrog Geo.

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If you would like to find out more about other solutions,

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please contact our support and sales stuff.

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Today, I’ll focus on advanced surface editing techniques,

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tips and tricks when using intrusion surface type.

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We will we dig deeper into the settings menu

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and we’ll review surface settings,

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which you can adjust to achieve better results

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when trying to make an intrusion surface to fit your data.

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Also, we will discuss a couple of scenarios

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that people are commonly facing

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when modeling in Leapfrog Geo.

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I will briefly go over the concept of intrusion surface type

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and its main applications.

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I will review the structure of intrusion surface,

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In other words, how it’s generated and what it is based on.

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We will look at trends editing the intrusion surface

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by applying trends, linear or structural.

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We will look at the intrusion values composite

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in generation settings for intrusion surfaces

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and see how these settings

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can affect the result in surface.

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Advanced surface settings, additional settings

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that are available for intrusion surfaces and what they do.

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Also we’ll have a brief look at the guide points.

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What are those and how you can use guide points

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to adjust your intrusion surface?

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Before I jumped to the live demo

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for the benefit of those who are new to LeapFrog Geo,

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I would like to explain what the intrusion surface is.

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Intrusion contact surfaces are rounder in shape

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with an interior lithology that represents

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the intrusion of lithology.

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The intrusion removes existing lithologies and replaces them

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with the intrusive lithology

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on the youngest side of the contact surface.

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Often the older side of the intrusion contact surface

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is labeled as unknown, as typically intrusions displaced

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multiple older lithologies.

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Intrusion surfaces can be made from a range

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of juicing different data types,

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such as drilling polar lines,

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GIS structural disks and points.

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Now I’m going to switch to Leapfrog Geo

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and continue with a live demo.

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During this session,

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we will focus on using the intrusion surfaces

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in the construction of Geological Models.

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Please keep in mind that intrusion surfaces

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can be used to model porphyries, pegmatites or shells,

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contamination in internal waste pockets,

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as well as any other type of contact,

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which generally requires a specific category of intervals

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to be in close by contact and surface.

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I have saved a couple of things to speed up the process

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of switching between the views during this demo.

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So let me quickly switch to the next scene.

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First, let me start with an overview of the project.

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This is a train in porphyry copper gold project

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which has a number of drill holes intersecting

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the various lithological units and a topographical surface

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with some jazz data draped on it.

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The units include a quartz vein, dollar ride dikes,

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overburden unit, volcanic sediments,

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granite diorite and quartz porphyry units.

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The main focus of today’s session will be

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on the last two units,

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the granite diorite and the quartz porphyry.

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For the benefit of those who are new

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to Leapfrog Geo software,

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I’ll briefly go through the process

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of creating an intrusion surface.

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I have already created a geological model

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in which I am going to generate an intrusion surface.

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Right click on the surface chronology object

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in geological model.

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Select the intrusion option

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from the list of available objects.

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If you would like to use your drill hole data

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to create an intrusion surface,

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then select new intrusion from basic lithology.

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The first thing we need to do here,

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is select the primary lith unit.

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I will be building quartz porphyry intrusion,

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so I will select quartz porphyry as a primary unit.

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The next step is selecting the exterior and ignored units.

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The contact in older lithologies

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will stay under the exterior lithologies

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and all younger ones will go into the ignored column.

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As you can see, I have generated an intrusion surface

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around quartz porphyry drill hole into walls.

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If I have a closer look,

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I can see that quartz porphyry contacts with the vein

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and dike intervals have been ignored.

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This is because I have set those lith units as younger.

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Let’s have a closer look at the geological model

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I have generated earlier.

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As you can see, we have a sequence

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of volcanic sediments model as a country rock unit.

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We also have two intrusions,

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the granite diorite and the porphyry,

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all of these are caught by younger veins and dikes,

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then clicked by the overburden unit at the top.

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This surfaces have not been modified in any way

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and are based purely on the drill hole data.

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You might have already noticed a couple of issues

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with the surfaces that need to be addressed.

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Upon closer inspection we can see that,

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there are problems with quartz porphyry intrusion surface.

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Right in the center, there is a big gap split

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in the quartz porphyry surface into parts,

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as well as the small part of the surface disconnected

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from the main body in depth.

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These problems are likely to be caused by past drilling data

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prompted to close off the intrusion surface rather

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than generating a container surface.

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Take into account a quite simple shape

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of this porphyry intrusion.

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my suggestion would be to avoid manual explicit edits

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until we have tested different intrusion settings

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to make the surface fit the data.

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You will notice how the intrusion appears rounder,

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as algorithm searches equally in all directions

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to find correspondent intercepts.

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My first thought would be to try using a linear trend

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and see if applying direction of greatest continuity

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will help to fix this problem.

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To set the trend,

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I’ll be using the tool called moving plane.

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I will position the model in the scene so I can draw a plane

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along this strike of the porphyry.

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Please note that the moving plane doesn’t have to go

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precisely through the center of the porphyry intrusion.

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I will only use the plane to copy deep inasm values

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to the intrusion surface.

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Now I’m ready to apply the trend value

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to my quartz porphyry intrusion surface.

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Double click on the quartz porphyry intrusion,

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and navigate to the trend tab in dialog window.

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You can see that there is a set from plane button,

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which allows you to copy the deep

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as in with impeach information from the moving plane

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to the intrusion surface.

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The set to button allows you to copy the trend values

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from other objects in your project,

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or reset the trend back to isotropic.

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You can control the strength of the trend

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by adjusting the ellipsoid ratio values.

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The ellipsoid ratio is determined that relative shape

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and strength of the ellipsoids in the scene.

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The maximum value is the relative strength in the direction

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of the green line on the moving plane.

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You can adjust it by left-clicking,

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and activating controls on the moving plane.

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The intermediate value is the relative strength

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in the direction perpendicular to the green line

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on the moving plane.

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The minimum value is a relative strength

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in the direction orthogonal to the plane.

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As drilling is most often perpendicular to the orbital,

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in the majority of cases, your minimum values,

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should be your lowest number.

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With the ellipsoid ratios, what is important,

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is the ratio of the numbers you enter.

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The higher the maximum and the intermediate numbers,

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the stronger the trend is applied in that direction.

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Things to consider when applying trends

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are the geometry of the orbital,

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as well as your drill holes pacing.

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The thinner the intercepts

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or the wider the drill holes are apart,

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the stronger trend you may need to apply.

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When applying a trend,

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you may need to try a few different combinations of numbers

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to create the optimal shape for your deposit.

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I will click Concept From Plane and Okay

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to apply the changes.

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As you can see, the shape of the intrusion surface

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has changed significantly,

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and now it fits the data quite well.

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Linear trends work very well on relatively simple deposits,

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but quite often the structure and shape of the deposit

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are much more complex and follow non-linear trends.

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Leapfrog Geo has a tool called structural trend.

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It allows you to apply a nonlinear trend

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to an intrusion surface.

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Structural trends create a flat ellipsoid anisotropy

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that varies in direction with its inputs.

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To create a new structural trend,

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right click on the Structural Trends folder,

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in the structural modelling folder

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and select New Structural Trend.

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The structural trend window will appear.

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Structural trends can be created from surfaces

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and from structural data.

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Click add to select from the suitable inputs

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available in the project.

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I have generated a mash by creating a series of polar lines

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representing the trend orientation and given locations.

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And now I will use this mesh

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as an input for my structural trend.

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I won’t spend too much time explaining all settings

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available for structural trends.

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You can find more information about structural trends

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in the help files or by contacting Leapfrog support team

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in your region.

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Now that I have my structural trend object ready,

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I have to change some settings

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in my quartz porphyry intrusion before I can apply

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this structural trend to it.

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I will double-click on the quartz porphyry intrusion object

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to open the settings window,

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then navigate to the surface in tab

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and click on the additional options.

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Then navigate to the interpolate tab,

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I have to switch to the interpolate tab

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from linear to spheroidal

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before I can apply my structural trend.

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You can read more about the interpolate settings

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for intrusion surfaces in help files.

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Now I can move back to the trend tab

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and select the structural trend

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that I would like to apply to this intrusion.

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The outside value is a long range main value of the data,

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such a new value of negative one for intrusions,

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where the positive valleys are on the inside

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and positive one for other surfaces

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will result in a smoother surface in most cases.

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Now we can see how the quartz porphyry intrusion

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is following the structural trend.

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We can compare it to the core support for intrusion surface,

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with a linear trend applied to it.

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Let’s dig a little bit deeper

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and see how Leapfrog generates intrusion surfaces.

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Leapfrog starts by extracting the intrusion intervals

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from the drill hole database

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and converting them into intrusion points.

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Leapfrog converts the categoric interval data

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into numeric point data.

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We’ll now look closer at the point generation parameters.

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I will double-click on the intrusion points,

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the edit intrusion window will appear

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displaying the point generation tap.

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Here the surface and volume points are displayed

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to show the effects of the surface offset distance

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and background field space and parameters.

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The surface offset distance parameters,

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sets the top and bottom ends of the interval

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and affects how surface behaves

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when it approaches a contact point.

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The smaller distance restricts the angles that an approach

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and surface can take.

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Another factor that affects the angles a surface will take,

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is whether or not trend has been applied to the surface.

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The background field space in parameter,

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determines the approximate length of the segments

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in the remaining intervals.

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If the remaining interval is not a multiple

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of the background field space and value,

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Leapfrog will automatically adjust the spacing

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to an appropriate value.

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A smaller value for background field space

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means high resolution

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and therefore slightly smoother surfaces.

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However, the computation can take longer.

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Now let’s have a look at the intrusion points

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composite in settings.

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This can be accessed by double clicking

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on the intrusion points and navigating to the composite tab

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in the dialogue window.

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Sometimes unit boundaries are poorly defined with fragments

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of other lithologist within the lithology of the interest.

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This can result in very small segments

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near the edges of the lithology of interest.

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Modelling defined detail is not always necessary,

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And so compositing can be used to smooth these boundaries.

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As you can see it Leapfrog applies automatic composition

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into the input data.

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This setting can be manually adjusted.

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The automatic setting values depends

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on the resolution settings applied to the surface

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and set to half of the resolution value.

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In this example the surface resolution is set to 30,

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therefore the automatic compositing values are set to 15.

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Might have already noticed that a short segment

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in the center of the screen has been filtered out,

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due to the compositing settings.

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There are a couple of ways in which you can bring it back.

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First, adjust the surface resolution value

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to allow for shorter segments to be included.

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Second, untick the simplify geology

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by filtering short segments box.

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And the third way is to adjust the filtering values,

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so the short intervals of specific length

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are included in the modeling.

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Now I’ll try to untick the box,

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simplify geology by filtering short segments,

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then click Okay.

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As you can see,

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the short segments has now been included

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in the construction of the intrusion surface.

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There will be situations when dealing with photo models,

[00:12:29.290]
in which you might have limited data

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in one or more of your fault blocks.

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In such cases,

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you may want to switch off the boundary filter

[00:12:36.950]
to allow Leapfrog, to use data outside of the domain

[00:12:39.400]
to inform the surface.

[00:12:41.970]
You can turn the screen

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that the quartz porphyry intrusion surface

[00:12:44.740]
in one of the fault blocks

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is based only on a single interval

[00:12:48.570]
and very much unconstrained at depth.

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To rectify this issue, I will try

[00:12:52.960]
and adjust the boundary filter settings.

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You can access the boundary filter settings,

[00:12:58.260]
by double clicking on the surface

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and navigating to the surface and tap.

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From the dropdown menu, under the boundary filter field,

[00:13:05.020]
select one of the settings you would like

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to apply to this particular surface.

[00:13:08.940]
The boundary often intrusion

[00:13:10.170]
can be the geologic model boundary or fault block boundary.

[00:13:14.250]
The boundary filter setting determines how data used

[00:13:16.720]
to define the surface is filtered.

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When it’s switched off, data is not filtered.

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When it’s set to all data, all data is filtered.

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When it’s set to drilling only, only drill hole data

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and data objects derived from drill hole data are filtered.

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When it’s set to custom, only the data objects

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specified in the inputs tab are filtered.

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I will switch the boundary filter off now

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and see how this affects the shape

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of the quart porphyry intrusion surface.

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Now that Leapfrog uses the data outside the current boundary

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set to the surface.

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You can see that the shape

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of the intrusion surface has changed significantly.

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Turning off the boundary filter can also be beneficial

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in situations where your intrusion

[00:13:55.300]
has post-dated your faulting.

[00:13:58.510]
The next parameter that I would like to talk about

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is called value clipping.

[00:14:02.340]
To change settings for the intrusion surface,

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double-click on the contact surface in the Project Tree.

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The value clipping tab is only available

[00:14:08.870]
for intrusion contact surfaces,

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clipping caps values that are outside of the wrench,

[00:14:13.810]
that by the lower bound and the upper bound values.

[00:14:17.250]
For example, if you change the upper bound from 16 to 10,

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distance values above 10 will be regarded as 10.

[00:14:24.128]
The automatic clipping setting has different effects based

[00:14:26.810]
on whether a global trend or structure trend

[00:14:28.900]
is set in trend tab.

[00:14:30.990]
When the global trend is applied Leapfrog Geo

[00:14:33.180]
automatically clips values.

[00:14:35.500]
That is the automatic clipping setting is do clipping

[00:14:38.270]
and Leapfrog Geo sets a lower bound

[00:14:40.120]
and upper bound from the data.

[00:14:42.800]
To disable clipping untick Automatic Clipping,

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then untick Do Clipping.

[00:14:47.840]
To change the lower bound and upper bound,

[00:14:50.040]
untick automatic clipping, then change the values.

[00:14:53.616]
When the structural trend is applied,

[00:14:54.930]
Leapfrog Geo automatically doesn’t clip the values.

[00:14:57.750]
To clip values untick Automatic Clipping,

[00:14:59.970]
then tick Do Clipping again, Leapfrog Geo sets

[00:15:02.950]
their law bound and the upper bound values from the data.

[00:15:05.720]
And you can change them if required.

[00:15:08.640]
In this case, I will apply a manual clipping

[00:15:10.570]
to demonstrate how you can control the shape

[00:15:12.500]
of your intrusion surface,

[00:15:13.990]
but just in the value clipping parameters,

[00:15:17.770]
I will clip the upper bound to 6, then click okay.

[00:15:22.160]
The top part of the mesh has changed quite significantly

[00:15:25.340]
because we have limited data to control

[00:15:26.860]
the shape of the intrusion near the surface,

[00:15:28.790]
Leapfrog pushes the intrusion out

[00:15:31.030]
creating so-called blowout.

[00:15:33.600]
Value clipping can be used

[00:15:34.740]
effectively to control some of the areas with blowouts.

[00:15:39.110]
In some situations you won’t be able to get away by simply

[00:15:41.740]
adjusting surface parameters,

[00:15:43.570]
and you’ll have to use some other input data

[00:15:45.800]
whether it’s a polyline, point, structure

[00:15:47.830]
or other type of data.

[00:15:50.560]
I will demonstrate briefly how you can edit

[00:15:52.490]
an intrusion surface with a polyline.

[00:15:54.250]
In this example,

[00:15:55.190]
I have a small quartz porphyry intrusion surface

[00:15:57.190]
in one of the fault blocks

[00:15:58.820]
and I’ll edit it using a polyline line.

[00:16:02.770]
Right click on the intrusion surface

[00:16:04.150]
and select edit with polyline.

[00:16:05.960]
Now I can start editing my surface.

[00:16:07.780]
In this instance, I will use points

[00:16:09.440]
rather than for other than polylines

[00:16:10.360]
to control the intrusion surface.

[00:16:13.520]
Once I have clicked Save Button,

[00:16:15.760]
the surface is being reprocessed and the points

[00:16:18.210]
are added to the intrusion.

[00:16:20.840]
The last topic that I’d like to cover in this webinar

[00:16:23.040]
is guide points.

[00:16:24.610]
Guide points can be created from any category of point data

[00:16:27.220]
in the project and edit to surfaces.

[00:16:29.860]
Category data that can be used to create guide points,

[00:16:32.330]
include downhole category point data, LAS points,

[00:16:35.780]
category data in on imported points, interval points.

[00:16:40.790]
Before I continue onto the guide points,

[00:16:42.770]
I’ll look great into our mid points from my blast hole data.

[00:16:47.040]
Guide points are good way of using blast hole data

[00:16:49.170]
to control surfaces.

[00:16:50.450]
Create the guide points

[00:16:51.300]
from the downhole interval midpoints,

[00:16:53.390]
then add the guide points to the surface.

[00:16:56.630]
Guide points are classified into interior and exterior,

[00:16:59.210]
and each guide point is assigned a distance value

[00:17:01.720]
that is a distance to the nearest point.

[00:17:06.420]
Guide points are classified to the interior and exterior

[00:17:08.920]
and each guide point is assigned the distance value

[00:17:11.180]
that is the distance to the nearest point

[00:17:12.870]
on the opposite side.

[00:17:15.380]
Interior valleys are positive

[00:17:16.770]
and exterior valleys are negative.

[00:17:20.370]
To create guide points, right click on the Points folder

[00:17:22.850]
and select New Guide Points.

[00:17:24.120]
A window will appear listing the category columns

[00:17:27.120]
available in the project.

[00:17:29.790]
Slide the categories to assign to interior,

[00:17:32.450]
the positive side and exterior the negative side.

[00:17:35.630]
You can also filter out distant values

[00:17:37.410]
by clicking the ignore distant values box

[00:17:39.540]
and entering a value.

[00:17:41.130]
Often distinct values have little effect on the surface

[00:17:43.830]
and filtering out these can improve processing time.

[00:17:48.090]
Click okay the guide points will appear

[00:17:49.870]
in the Project Tree under the points folder.

[00:17:52.430]
Now I’m going to add these guide points

[00:17:54.080]
to my quartz porphyry intrusion surface.

[00:17:56.160]
Right-click on the Intrusion Surface and select Add Points.

[00:18:00.810]
From the list of points I will select the Guide Points

[00:18:02.950]
and click Okay.

[00:18:04.950]
As you can see, the surface has now been updated

[00:18:07.250]
to include guide points data.

[00:18:10.820]
On this, I will conclude

[00:18:11.850]
the demonstration part of this webinar.

[00:18:13.940]
I hope you found it to be useful

[00:18:15.370]
and learn something new today.

[00:18:18.200]
The information from today’s webinar may allow you to review

[00:18:20.740]
your approach to editing of intrusion surfaces

[00:18:23.050]
in your modeling process.

[00:18:25.760]
If you have any inquiries regarding today’s presentation

[00:18:28.070]
or other topics,

[00:18:29.070]
please do not hesitate to contact your local support team.

[00:18:34.010]
You can see the contact details

[00:18:35.220]
for your local regional support teams on your screens now.

[00:18:40.480]
Please feel free to reach out to your local support team,

[00:18:42.620]
if you have further questions required for modeling support

[00:18:45.350]
or would like to discuss a remote training session.

[00:18:49.140]
Thank you very much for joining this webinar

[00:18:50.910]
and we hope to talk to you soon.